高原环境导致的中青年驾驶行为及驾驶绩效特征

郭伟伟; 胡钰琴; 谭墍元; 薛晴婉

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2024.03.004

高原环境导致的中青年驾驶行为及驾驶绩效特征

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2024.03.004

北方工业大学城市道路交通智能控制技术北京市重点实验室北京 100144

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2022YFB4300400

北京市青年拔尖人才项目 CIT&TCD201804006

北京市青年拔尖人才项目 CIT&TCD201904013

详细信息

作者简介:
郭伟伟（1983—），博士，副教授. 研究方向：交通安全与驾驶行为. E-mail：guoweiwei@ncut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
谭墍元（1986—），博士，副教授. 研究方向：交通安全、交通大数据分析等. E-mail：tjyphilip@163.com

中图分类号: U491.2+54
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-21

Characteristics of Driving Behavior and Performance Caused by Plateau Environment of Young and Middle-aged Drivers

Beijing Key Lab of Urban Intelligent Traffic Control Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China

摘要

摘要: 为了量化分析高原环境导致的驾驶行为特征差异，寻找驾驶绩效下降时间窗，运用驾驶模拟器和低氧发生器在平原地区模拟海拔3 900 m高原驾驶环境，开展驾驶模拟试验分别收集驾驶人在平原环境和模拟高原环境的驾驶行为数据和心电图（electrocardiogram，ECG）信号数据。通过对比高原实车试验环境驾驶人的心率指标变化，运用雷达图、数值排序图和单因素方差分析方法对平原、高原环境下的驾驶行为特征进行对比分析，引入Jensen-Shannon散度（JS散度）量化2种环境下横向偏移距离、横向加速度、转向盘旋转率和速度这4个指标的概率密度拟合分布之间的差异，使用差分法确定高原环境下的驾驶绩效下降时间，验证了模拟高海拔环境驾驶模拟试验的有效性研究。结果表明：高原环境下横向偏移距离标准差、横向加速度标准差、转向盘旋转率标准差、速度标准差比平原环境下分别增加了0.094 3 m，0.119 0 m/s²，0.000 9 °/s，0.651 3 km/h，车辆整体稳定性降低；借助JS散度发现横向偏移距离、横向加速度、转向盘旋转率和速度这4个指标在2种环境下的数值分布存在较大距离，分别为0.23，0.11，0.01，0.02，其中车辆的横向运动受负面影响更大；在进入海拔3 900 m的高原地区时，驾驶绩效约在6 min后显著下降。
- 交通安全 /
- 高原缺氧环境 /
- 驾驶行为 /
- JS散度 /
- 驾驶绩效
Abstract: To analyze effects of a hypoxic environment on driving performance, a driving simulator experiment is conducted in this study. Both drivers' behavioral data and physiological data are collected by simulating a plateau scenario (3 900 m). The driver behavior characteristics in the plateau scenario and plain scenario are analyzed using a radar map, a numerical ranking map, and one-way ANOVA. The probability density fitting distribution differences between the two scenarios for road offset, steering velocity, lateral acceleration, and speed are quantified using the Jensen-Shannon divergence. The difference method is employed to identify time windows when driving performance decreased in the plateau area. The validity of the simulated hypoxic driving environment is verified by comparing the heart rate trend of the pilot test data in the plateau. The results indicated that: ① the standard deviation of road offset, lateral acceleration, steering velocity, and speed in the plateau scenario increase by 0.094 3 m, 0.119 0 m/s², 0.000 9 °/s, and 0.651 3 km/h, respectively, compared to the plain scenario; ② the fitted probability density distribution differences between the plateau and plain scenarios for road offset, lateral acceleration, steering velocity, and speed are 0.23, 0.11, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively (thus, it could be inferred that vehicle lateral movement is more affected by the high-altitude factor); ③ driving performance decrease significantly after 6 minutes upon entering the plateau area at 3 900 m altitude.
- traffic safety /
- plateau environment /
- driver behavior /
- Jensen-Shannon divergence /
- driving performance

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图 1 试验设备与实景

Figure 1. The experimental equipments and scenarios.

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图 2 2种环境下24位被试的总行驶里程

Figure 2. Total driving distance of twenty-four subjects in two environments

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图 3 2种环境下车辆指标个体差异

Figure 3. The individual differences of vehicle indicators under the two environments

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图 4 2种环境下车辆指标群体差异

Figure 4. Group differences of vehicle indicators under the two environments

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图 5 横向偏移距离概率密度拟合

Figure 5. Probability density of offset from road center distance

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图 6 横向加速度概率密度拟合

Figure 6. Probability density of lateral acceleration

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图 7 速度概率密度拟合

Figure 7. Probability density of speed

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图 8 转向盘旋转率概率密度拟合

Figure 8. Probability density of steering velocity

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图 9 一阶差分结果及拟合曲线

Figure 9. First difference results and curves

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表 1 横向加速度指标缩小前后对比

Table 1. Comparison before and after reduction of lateral acceleration

行驶里程/m	原始加速度/（m/s²）	缩小加速度/（m/s²）
1 384	2.156 8	0.007 0
1 386	2.156 9	0.007 0
1 388	2.413 1	0.003 9
1 390	-3.028 4	-0.000 9
1 392	-3.026 7	-0.000 9
1 394	-2.200 0	-0.006 3

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表 2 转向盘旋转率指标变换前后对比

Table 2. Comparison before and after reduction of steering velocity

行驶里程/m	原始旋转率/（°/s）	变换后旋转率/（°/s）
2 202	-0.022 7	2.799 7
2 204	-0.045 4	3.100 8
2 206	-0.109 4	3.482 7
2 208	0.102 3	-3.749 7
2 210	0.042 6	-3.598 0
2 212	0.104 1	-3.753 7

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表 3 各指标在2种环境下的描述性统计和方差分析结果

Table 3. Results of descriptive statistics and analysis of variance of variables under the two environments

指标	平原环境	高原环境	F	p
横向偏移距离_标准差/m	0.272 7	0.367 0	162.238	＜0.001
横向加速度_标准差/（m/s²）	0.211 4	0.330 4	175.911	＜0.001
转向盘旋转率_标准差/（°/s）	0.004 3	0.005 2	41.573	＜0.001
速度_标准差/（km/h）	6.459 9	7.111 2	14.481	＜0.001

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表 4 心率指标在2种环境下的描述性统计和方差分析结果

Table 4. Results of descriptive statistics and analysis of heart rate under the two environments

指标	心率/(次/min)
平原环境	75.62
高原环境	95.6
F	1 007.94
P	＜0.001

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表 5 分组情况

Table 5. Grouping

对比分析	组内		交叉	组间
对比组1	P-1	G-1	P-1与G-1混合	P
对比组2	P-2	G-2	P-2与G-2混合	G

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表 6 分组概率密度分布的JS散度值

Table 6. JS divergence calculation results of probability density distribution

指标	组内对比的JS散度值		交叉对比的JS散度值	组间对比的JS散度值
指标	平原环境	高原环境	交叉对比的JS散度值	组间对比的JS散度值
横向偏移距离	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.23
横向加速度	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.11
转向盘旋转率	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
速度	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02

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